The World Market for Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms: A 2016 Global Trade Perspective

This report was created for strategic planners, international executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for iron less than 99.94% pure or steel ingots and other primary forms. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics that appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for iron less than 99.94% pure or steel ingots and other primary forms for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports. I do so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models. On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners approaching the world market face a number of questions. Which countries are supplying iron less than 99.94% pure or steel ingots and other primary forms? What is the dollar value of these imports? How much do the imports of iron less than 99.94% pure or steel ingots and other primary forms vary from one country to another? Do exporters serving the world market have similar market shares across the importing countries? Which countries supply the most exports of iron less than 99.94% pure or steel ingots and other primary forms? Which countries are buying their exports? What is the value of these exports and which countries are the largest buyers?

1 METHODOLOGY 10 1.1 Our Approach 10 2 THE WORLD MARKET 17 2.1 Exports 17 2.1.1 The World Market: Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms Export Supplies in 2016 17 2.2 Imports 19 2.2.1 The World Market: Imported Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms in 2016 19 3 EXPORTS 23 3.1 Africa: Export Supplies of Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms 23 3.1.1 Executive Summary 23 3.1.2 Cameroon 26 3.1.3 Congo (formerly Zaire) 27 3.1.4 Egypt 27 3.1.5 Ghana 27 3.1.6 Kenya 27 3.1.7 Mozambique 28 3.1.8 Nigeria 28 3.1.9 Senegal 28 3.1.10 South Africa 29 3.1.11 Tanzania 29 3.1.12 Uganda 29 3.2 Asia: Export Supplies of Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms 30 3.2.1 Executive Summary 30 3.2.2 Bhutan 33 3.2.3 Brunei 34 3.2.4 China 35 3.2.5 Hong Kong 36 3.2.6 India 36 3.2.7 Indonesia 37 3.2.8 Japan 37 3.2.9 Malaysia 38 3.2.10 North Korea 38 3.2.11 Philippines 38 3.2.12 Singapore 39 3.2.13 South Korea 39 3.2.14 Taiwan 40 3.2.15 Thailand 40 3.2.16 Vietnam 41 3.3 Europe: Export Supplies of Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms 41 3.3.1 Executive Summary 41 3.3.2 Austria 46 3.3.3 Belarus 46 3.3.4 Belgium 47 3.3.5 Bulgaria 47 3.3.6 Cyprus 48 3.3.7 Czech Republic 48 3.3.8 Denmark 49 3.3.9 Estonia 49 3.3.10 Finland 49 3.3.11 France 50 3.3.12 Georgia 51 3.3.13 Germany 52 3.3.14 Hungary 53 3.3.15 Ireland 53 3.3.16 Italy 54 3.3.17 Kazakhstan 55 3.3.18 Lithuania 55 3.3.19 Luxembourg 55 3.3.20 Malta 56 3.3.21 Norway 56 3.3.22 Poland 57 3.3.23 Portugal 57 3.3.24 Romania 58 3.3.25 Russia 58 3.3.26 Slovakia 59 3.3.27 Slovenia 59 3.3.28 Spain 60 3.3.29 Sweden 61 3.3.30 Switzerland 61 3.3.31 the Netherlands 62 3.3.32 the United Kingdom 63 3.3.33 Ukraine 64 3.4 Latin America: Export Supplies of Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms 64 3.4.1 Executive Summary 64 3.4.2 Argentina 67 3.4.3 Brazil 68 3.4.4 Colombia 68 3.4.5 Mexico 68 3.4.6 Venezuela 69 3.5 North America & the Caribbean: Export Supplies of Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms 69 3.5.1 Executive Summary 69 3.5.2 Canada 72 3.5.3 Cuba 73 3.5.4 the United States 74 3.5.5 Trinidad and Tobago 75 3.6 Oceana: Export Supplies of Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms 75 3.6.1 Executive Summary 75 3.6.2 Australia 76 3.7 the Middle East: Export Supplies of Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms 77 3.7.1 Executive Summary 77 3.7.2 Azerbaijan 80 3.7.3 Iran 81 3.7.4 Iraq 81 3.7.5 Israel 81 3.7.6 Jordan 81 3.7.7 Kuwait 82 3.7.8 Oman 82 3.7.9 Saudi Arabia 82 3.7.10 Syrian Arab Republic 83 3.7.11 the United Arab Emirates 83 3.7.12 Turkey 84 4 IMPORTS 85 4.1 Africa: Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms Imports in 2016 85 4.1.1 Executive Summary 85 4.1.2 Algeria 88 4.1.3 Botswana 89 4.1.4 Burundi 89 4.1.5 Cameroon 89 4.1.6 Egypt 90 4.1.7 Kenya 90 4.1.8 Mauritius 90 4.1.9 Morocco 91 4.1.10 Mozambique 91 4.1.11 Nigeria 91 4.1.12 South Africa 92 4.1.13 Tanzania 92 4.1.14 Togo 93 4.1.15 Tunisia 93 4.1.16 Uganda 93 4.1.17 Zambia 94 4.1.18 Zimbabwe 94 4.2 Asia: Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms Imports in 2016 94 4.2.1 Executive Summary 94 4.2.2 China 99 4.2.3 Hong Kong 99 4.2.4 India 100 4.2.5 Indonesia 101 4.2.6 Japan 102 4.2.7 Malaysia 102 4.2.8 Nepal 103 4.2.9 Philippines 103 4.2.10 Singapore 104 4.2.11 South Korea 105 4.2.12 Sri Lanka 105 4.2.13 Taiwan 106 4.2.14 Thailand 106 4.3 Europe: Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms Imports in 2016 107 4.3.1 Executive Summary 107 4.3.2 Austria 111 4.3.3 Belarus 111 4.3.4 Belgium 112 4.3.5 Bosnia and Herzegovina 112 4.3.6 Bulgaria 113 4.3.7 Croatia 113 4.3.8 Cyprus 113 4.3.9 Czech Republic 114 4.3.10 Denmark 114 4.3.11 Estonia 115 4.3.12 Finland 115 4.3.13 France 116 4.3.14 Georgia 116 4.3.15 Germany 117 4.3.16 Greece 117 4.3.17 Hungary 118 4.3.18 Iceland 118 4.3.19 Ireland 119 4.3.20 Italy 120 4.3.21 Latvia 120 4.3.22 Luxembourg 121 4.3.23 Malta 121 4.3.24 Norway 122 4.3.25 Poland 122 4.3.26 Portugal 123 4.3.27 Romania 123 4.3.28 Russia 124 4.3.29 Slovakia 124 4.3.30 Slovenia 125 4.3.31 Spain 125 4.3.32 Sweden 126 4.3.33 Switzerland 127 4.3.34 the Netherlands 127 4.3.35 the United Kingdom 128 4.3.36 Ukraine 129 4.4 Latin America: Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms Imports in 2016 129 4.4.1 Executive Summary 129 4.4.2 Argentina 132 4.4.3 Brazil 133 4.4.4 Chile 133 4.4.5 Colombia 133 4.4.6 Costa Rica 134 4.4.7 El Salvador 134 4.4.8 Mexico 134 4.4.9 Suriname 135 4.4.10 Venezuela 135 4.5 North America & the Caribbean: Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms Imports in 2016 135 4.5.1 Executive Summary 135 4.5.2 Canada 140 4.5.3 Dominican Republic 140 4.5.4 the Bahamas 141 4.5.5 the United States 141 4.6 Oceana: Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms Imports in 2016 142 4.6.1 Executive Summary 142 4.6.2 Australia 146 4.6.3 New Zealand 146 4.7 the Middle East: Iron Less Than 99.94% Pure or Steel Ingots and Other Primary Forms Imports in 2016 146 4.7.1 Executive Summary 146 4.7.2 Armenia 150 4.7.3 Bahrain 151 4.7.4 Iran 152 4.7.5 Israel 153 4.7.6 Jordan 153 4.7.7 Oman 154 4.7.8 Pakistan 154 4.7.9 Qatar 155 4.7.10 Saudi Arabia 155 4.7.11 Turkey 156 5 DISCLAIMERS, WARRANTEES, AND USER AGREEMENT PROVISIONS 157 5.1 Disclaimers & Safe Harbor 157 5.2 ICON Group International, Inc. User Agreement Provisions 158