Global HbA1c Testing Market Research Report—Forecast till 2025
出 版 商：Market Research Future
出版日期：2020/12/01
頁 數：134頁
文件格式：PDF
價 格：
USD 4,450 (Single-User License)
USD 6,250 (Global-User License)
USD 6,250 (Global-User License)
Global HbA1c Testing Market: Information by Product (Instruments (Bench-Top Device and Handheld Device) and Reagents and Kits), By Technology (Ion-Exchange High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Turbidimetric Inhibition Immunoassay (TINIA), Enzymatic Assay and Others), By End User (Hospitals and Clinics, Diagnostic Laboratories and Others) and by Region (Americas, Europe, Asia-Pacific and the Middle East & Africa) - Forecast till 2025
Market analysis
In general, diabetes has become one of the most prevalent epidemics across the world, and among the three types of diabetes, type 2 diabetes is the most common. Agreeing to a research paper published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) in September 2016, diabetes is anticipated to be the seventh prominent cause of death by 2030. Moreover, according to data published by the International Diabetes Federation in 2017, the prevalence of diabetes in Brazil was 8.7% among adults and reported 12,465,800 cases of diabetes in 2017. HbA1c Testing Market is anticipated to enroll a CAGR of 12.24% to reach USD 1,992.44 Million by 2025. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a form of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose. The HbA1c test provides the patient with the average level of blood sugar only for the past 2 to 3 months. These ever-increasing occurrences push for various testing methods such as HbA1c testing in patients for diagnosis. Therefore, this factor is supporting the market growth of the global HbA1c testing market.
Market segmentation
The global HbA1c testing market has been segmented by product, technology, and end user respectively. The market, based on product, has been split into reagents and kits and instruments. The market, based on instruments, has been further segmented into a bench-top device and handheld device. Based on technology, the HbA1c testing market has been separated into ion-exchange HPLC, enzymatic assay, TINIA, and others. The global HbA1c testing market, based on end user, has been divided into hospitals and clinics, diagnostic laboratories, and others.
Regional analysis
Geographically the Global HbA1c testing market is split in regions like North & South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle east and Africa and Rest of the world. The European market for HbA1c testing is expected to be the second largest during the review period. Their growing adoption of advanced diagnostic tools and devices coupled with the strategic activities such as relationships and agreements by the prominent players is expected to boost the growth of the regional market. Asia-Pacific is estimated to be the fastest-growing market owing to the developing healthcare infrastructure and ever-increasing per capita disposable incomes. The market in the Middle East & Africa is expected to witness steady growth due to limited access to healthcare. The growing awareness regarding healthcare and the availability of new advanced treatment options are factors expected to drive the growth of the market in the region. The Global HbA1c Testing Market, based on region, has been divided into the Americas, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East & Africa.The Americas is likely to dominate the global HbA1c testing market. This can be attributed to growing activities such as research, recognition campaigns, and joint ventures by public and private organizations in the US and Canada.
Major players
The proposed spectators in the Global HbA1c testing market are Detonator manufacturers, Retailers, distributors, wholesalers, Investors and trade experts, Governments, associations, industrial bodies, etc. The major companies functioning in the Global HbA1c testing market are concentrating on firming their global ways by entering into untouched markets. The projected onlookers in the Global HbA1c testing market are companies like Agappe Diagnostics Ltd (India), Abbott Laboratories (US), Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (US), ARKRAY, Inc. (Japan), F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (Switzerland), Danaher Corporation (US), Siemens Healthineers (US), Transasia Bio-Medicals (India), EKF Diagnostics (UK), PTS Diagnostics (US), CPC Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd. (India), Trinity Biotech PLC (Ireland), Rapid Diagnostics Group of Companies (India), Tosoh India Pvt. Ltd. (India) and DiaSys Diagnostic Systems GmbH (Germany).
Market analysis
In general, diabetes has become one of the most prevalent epidemics across the world, and among the three types of diabetes, type 2 diabetes is the most common. Agreeing to a research paper published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) in September 2016, diabetes is anticipated to be the seventh prominent cause of death by 2030. Moreover, according to data published by the International Diabetes Federation in 2017, the prevalence of diabetes in Brazil was 8.7% among adults and reported 12,465,800 cases of diabetes in 2017. HbA1c Testing Market is anticipated to enroll a CAGR of 12.24% to reach USD 1,992.44 Million by 2025. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a form of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose. The HbA1c test provides the patient with the average level of blood sugar only for the past 2 to 3 months. These ever-increasing occurrences push for various testing methods such as HbA1c testing in patients for diagnosis. Therefore, this factor is supporting the market growth of the global HbA1c testing market.
Market segmentation
The global HbA1c testing market has been segmented by product, technology, and end user respectively. The market, based on product, has been split into reagents and kits and instruments. The market, based on instruments, has been further segmented into a bench-top device and handheld device. Based on technology, the HbA1c testing market has been separated into ion-exchange HPLC, enzymatic assay, TINIA, and others. The global HbA1c testing market, based on end user, has been divided into hospitals and clinics, diagnostic laboratories, and others.
Regional analysis
Geographically the Global HbA1c testing market is split in regions like North & South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle east and Africa and Rest of the world. The European market for HbA1c testing is expected to be the second largest during the review period. Their growing adoption of advanced diagnostic tools and devices coupled with the strategic activities such as relationships and agreements by the prominent players is expected to boost the growth of the regional market. Asia-Pacific is estimated to be the fastest-growing market owing to the developing healthcare infrastructure and ever-increasing per capita disposable incomes. The market in the Middle East & Africa is expected to witness steady growth due to limited access to healthcare. The growing awareness regarding healthcare and the availability of new advanced treatment options are factors expected to drive the growth of the market in the region. The Global HbA1c Testing Market, based on region, has been divided into the Americas, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East & Africa.The Americas is likely to dominate the global HbA1c testing market. This can be attributed to growing activities such as research, recognition campaigns, and joint ventures by public and private organizations in the US and Canada.
Major players
The proposed spectators in the Global HbA1c testing market are Detonator manufacturers, Retailers, distributors, wholesalers, Investors and trade experts, Governments, associations, industrial bodies, etc. The major companies functioning in the Global HbA1c testing market are concentrating on firming their global ways by entering into untouched markets. The projected onlookers in the Global HbA1c testing market are companies like Agappe Diagnostics Ltd (India), Abbott Laboratories (US), Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (US), ARKRAY, Inc. (Japan), F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (Switzerland), Danaher Corporation (US), Siemens Healthineers (US), Transasia Bio-Medicals (India), EKF Diagnostics (UK), PTS Diagnostics (US), CPC Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd. (India), Trinity Biotech PLC (Ireland), Rapid Diagnostics Group of Companies (India), Tosoh India Pvt. Ltd. (India) and DiaSys Diagnostic Systems GmbH (Germany).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 MARKET SYNOPSIS 14
1.2 MARKET ATTRACTIVENESS ANALYSIS 15
1.3 GLOBAL HBA1C TESTING MARKET, BY PRODUCT 16
1.4 GLOBAL HBA1C TESTING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY 17
1.5 GLOBAL HBA1C TESTING MARKET, BY END USER 18
2 Market Introduction
2.1 DEFINITION 19
2.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 19
2.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 19
2.4 MARKET STRUCTURE 20
2.5 ASSUMPTIONS & LIMITATIONS 20
3 Research Methodology
3.1 DATA MINING 21
3.2 SECONDARY RESEARCH 22
3.3 PRIMARY RESEARCH 23
3.4 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY RESPONDENTS 24
3.5 FORECASTING TECHNIQUES 25
3.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 26
3.6.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 27
3.6.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 27
3.7 DATA TRIANGULATION 28
3.8 VALIDATION 28
4 MARKET DYNAMICS
4.1 OVERVIEW 29
4.2 DRIVERS 30
4.2.1 RISING PREVALENCE OF DIABETES 30
4.2.2 INCREASING INITIATIVES BY KEY PLAYERS 30
4.2.3 GROWING NUMBER OF RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS FOR DIABETES 30
4.2.4 INCREASING GERIATRIC POPULATION AND THE INFLUENCE OF SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE AND UNHEALTHY DIET 30
4.3 RESTRAINTS 32
4.3.1 LIMITED INDICATIONS OF HBA1C TESTS 32
4.3.2 STRINGENT REIMBURSEMENT POLICIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 32
4.4 OPPORTUNITIES 33
4.4.1 INCREASING APPROVALS AND PRODUCT LAUNCHES 33
4.4.2 INCORPORATION OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES IN HBA1C TESTING INSTRUMENTS 33
5 MARKET FACTOR ANALYSIS
5.1 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL 34
5.1.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 34
5.1.2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 35
5.1.3 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 35
5.1.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 35
5.1.5 INTENSITY OF RIVALRY 35
5.2 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 36
5.2.1 R&D AND DESIGNING 37
5.2.2 MANUFACTURING 37
5.2.3 DISTRIBUTION 37
5.2.4 MARKETING & SALES 37
5.2.5 POST-SALES MONITORING 37
6 GLOBAL HBA1C TESTING MARKET, BY PRODUCT
6.1 OVERVIEW 38
6.2 REAGENTS & KITS 39
6.3 INSTRUMENTS 40
6.3.1 BENCH-TOP DEVICE 41
6.3.2 HANDHELD DEVICE 42
7 GLOBAL HBA1C TESTING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY
7.1 OVERVIEW 43
7.2 ION-EXCHANGE HPLC 44
7.3 ENZYMATIC ASSAY 45
7.4 TURBIDIMETRIC INHIBITION IMMUNOASSAY (TINIA) 46
7.5 OTHERS 46
8 GLOBAL HBA1C TESTING MARKET, BY END USER
8.1 OVERVIEW 47
8.2 HOSPITALS AND CLINICS 48
8.3 DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORIES 49
8.4 OTHERS 49
9 GLOBAL HBA1C TESTING MARKET, BY REGION
9.1 OVERVIEW 50
9.2 AMERICAS 52
9.2.1 OVERVIEW 52
9.2.2 NORTH AMERICA 55
9.2.3 LATIN AMERICA 62
9.3 EUROPE 64
9.3.1 OVERVIEW 64
9.3.2 WESTERN EUROPE 67
9.3.3 EASTERN EUROPE 82
9.4 ASIA-PACIFIC 84
9.4.1 OVERVIEW 84
9.4.2 CHINA 87
9.4.3 INDIA 89
9.4.4 JAPAN 91
9.4.5 SOUTH KOREA 93
9.4.6 AUSTRALIA 95
9.4.7 REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC 97
9.5 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 99
9.5.1 OVERVIEW 99
9.5.2 MIDDLE EAST 102
9.5.3 AFRICA 104
10 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
10.1 OVERVIEW 106
10.2 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS, 2018 (%) 106
11 COMPANY PROFILES
11.1 ABBOTT LABORATORIES 108
11.1.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 108
11.1.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 108
11.1.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 109
11.1.4 ABBOTT LABORATORIES: KEY DEVELOPMENTS 109
11.1.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 109
11.1.6 KEY STRATEGIES 110
11.2 BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC. 111
11.2.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 111
11.2.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 111
11.2.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 112
11.2.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 112
11.2.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 113
11.2.6 KEY STRATEGIES 113
11.3 DANAHER CORPORATION 114
11.3.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 114
11.3.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 114
11.3.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 115
11.3.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 115
11.3.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 115
11.3.6 KEY STRATEGIES 115
11.4 F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE LTD 116
11.4.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 116
11.4.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 116
11.4.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 117
11.4.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 117
11.4.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 117
11.4.6 KEY STRATEGIES 118
11.5 SIEMENS HEALTHINEERS 119
11.5.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 119
11.5.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 119
11.5.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 120
11.5.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 120
11.5.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 120
11.5.6 KEY STRATEGIES 121
11.6 EKF DIAGNOSTICS 122
11.6.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 122
11.6.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 122
11.6.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 123
11.6.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 123
11.6.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 123
11.6.6 KEY STRATEGIES 124
?
11.7 ARKRAY, INC. 125
11.7.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 125
11.7.2 ARKRAY, INC.: FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 125
11.7.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 125
11.7.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 125
11.7.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 126
11.7.6 KEY STRATEGIES 126
11.8 TRINITY BIOTECH PLC. 127
11.8.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 127
11.8.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 127
11.8.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 128
11.8.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 128
11.8.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 128
11.8.6 KEY STRATEGIES 128
11.9 PTS DIAGNOSTICS 129
11.9.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 129
11.9.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 129
11.9.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 129
11.9.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 129
11.9.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 130
11.9.6 KEY STRATEGIES 130
11.10 DIASYS DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS GMBH 131
11.10.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 131
11.10.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 131
11.10.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 131
11.10.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 131
11.10.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 132
11.10.6 KEY STRATEGIES 132
12 APPENDIX
12.1 REFERENCES 133
12.2 RELATED REPORTS 133
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 MARKET SYNOPSIS 14
1.2 MARKET ATTRACTIVENESS ANALYSIS 15
1.3 GLOBAL HBA1C TESTING MARKET, BY PRODUCT 16
1.4 GLOBAL HBA1C TESTING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY 17
1.5 GLOBAL HBA1C TESTING MARKET, BY END USER 18
2 Market Introduction
2.1 DEFINITION 19
2.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 19
2.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 19
2.4 MARKET STRUCTURE 20
2.5 ASSUMPTIONS & LIMITATIONS 20
3 Research Methodology
3.1 DATA MINING 21
3.2 SECONDARY RESEARCH 22
3.3 PRIMARY RESEARCH 23
3.4 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY RESPONDENTS 24
3.5 FORECASTING TECHNIQUES 25
3.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 26
3.6.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 27
3.6.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 27
3.7 DATA TRIANGULATION 28
3.8 VALIDATION 28
4 MARKET DYNAMICS
4.1 OVERVIEW 29
4.2 DRIVERS 30
4.2.1 RISING PREVALENCE OF DIABETES 30
4.2.2 INCREASING INITIATIVES BY KEY PLAYERS 30
4.2.3 GROWING NUMBER OF RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS FOR DIABETES 30
4.2.4 INCREASING GERIATRIC POPULATION AND THE INFLUENCE OF SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE AND UNHEALTHY DIET 30
4.3 RESTRAINTS 32
4.3.1 LIMITED INDICATIONS OF HBA1C TESTS 32
4.3.2 STRINGENT REIMBURSEMENT POLICIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 32
4.4 OPPORTUNITIES 33
4.4.1 INCREASING APPROVALS AND PRODUCT LAUNCHES 33
4.4.2 INCORPORATION OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES IN HBA1C TESTING INSTRUMENTS 33
5 MARKET FACTOR ANALYSIS
5.1 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL 34
5.1.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 34
5.1.2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 35
5.1.3 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 35
5.1.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 35
5.1.5 INTENSITY OF RIVALRY 35
5.2 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 36
5.2.1 R&D AND DESIGNING 37
5.2.2 MANUFACTURING 37
5.2.3 DISTRIBUTION 37
5.2.4 MARKETING & SALES 37
5.2.5 POST-SALES MONITORING 37
6 GLOBAL HBA1C TESTING MARKET, BY PRODUCT
6.1 OVERVIEW 38
6.2 REAGENTS & KITS 39
6.3 INSTRUMENTS 40
6.3.1 BENCH-TOP DEVICE 41
6.3.2 HANDHELD DEVICE 42
7 GLOBAL HBA1C TESTING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY
7.1 OVERVIEW 43
7.2 ION-EXCHANGE HPLC 44
7.3 ENZYMATIC ASSAY 45
7.4 TURBIDIMETRIC INHIBITION IMMUNOASSAY (TINIA) 46
7.5 OTHERS 46
8 GLOBAL HBA1C TESTING MARKET, BY END USER
8.1 OVERVIEW 47
8.2 HOSPITALS AND CLINICS 48
8.3 DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORIES 49
8.4 OTHERS 49
9 GLOBAL HBA1C TESTING MARKET, BY REGION
9.1 OVERVIEW 50
9.2 AMERICAS 52
9.2.1 OVERVIEW 52
9.2.2 NORTH AMERICA 55
9.2.3 LATIN AMERICA 62
9.3 EUROPE 64
9.3.1 OVERVIEW 64
9.3.2 WESTERN EUROPE 67
9.3.3 EASTERN EUROPE 82
9.4 ASIA-PACIFIC 84
9.4.1 OVERVIEW 84
9.4.2 CHINA 87
9.4.3 INDIA 89
9.4.4 JAPAN 91
9.4.5 SOUTH KOREA 93
9.4.6 AUSTRALIA 95
9.4.7 REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC 97
9.5 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 99
9.5.1 OVERVIEW 99
9.5.2 MIDDLE EAST 102
9.5.3 AFRICA 104
10 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
10.1 OVERVIEW 106
10.2 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS, 2018 (%) 106
11 COMPANY PROFILES
11.1 ABBOTT LABORATORIES 108
11.1.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 108
11.1.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 108
11.1.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 109
11.1.4 ABBOTT LABORATORIES: KEY DEVELOPMENTS 109
11.1.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 109
11.1.6 KEY STRATEGIES 110
11.2 BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC. 111
11.2.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 111
11.2.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 111
11.2.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 112
11.2.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 112
11.2.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 113
11.2.6 KEY STRATEGIES 113
11.3 DANAHER CORPORATION 114
11.3.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 114
11.3.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 114
11.3.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 115
11.3.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 115
11.3.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 115
11.3.6 KEY STRATEGIES 115
11.4 F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE LTD 116
11.4.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 116
11.4.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 116
11.4.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 117
11.4.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 117
11.4.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 117
11.4.6 KEY STRATEGIES 118
11.5 SIEMENS HEALTHINEERS 119
11.5.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 119
11.5.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 119
11.5.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 120
11.5.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 120
11.5.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 120
11.5.6 KEY STRATEGIES 121
11.6 EKF DIAGNOSTICS 122
11.6.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 122
11.6.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 122
11.6.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 123
11.6.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 123
11.6.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 123
11.6.6 KEY STRATEGIES 124
?
11.7 ARKRAY, INC. 125
11.7.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 125
11.7.2 ARKRAY, INC.: FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 125
11.7.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 125
11.7.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 125
11.7.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 126
11.7.6 KEY STRATEGIES 126
11.8 TRINITY BIOTECH PLC. 127
11.8.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 127
11.8.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 127
11.8.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 128
11.8.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 128
11.8.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 128
11.8.6 KEY STRATEGIES 128
11.9 PTS DIAGNOSTICS 129
11.9.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 129
11.9.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 129
11.9.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 129
11.9.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 129
11.9.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 130
11.9.6 KEY STRATEGIES 130
11.10 DIASYS DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS GMBH 131
11.10.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 131
11.10.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 131
11.10.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 131
11.10.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 131
11.10.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 132
11.10.6 KEY STRATEGIES 132
12 APPENDIX
12.1 REFERENCES 133
12.2 RELATED REPORTS 133
