Global Gasket & Seal Materials Market Research Report—Forecast till 2025
出 版 商：Market Research Future
出版日期：2020/07/01
頁 數：220頁
文件格式：PDF
價 格：
USD 4,450 (Single-User License)
USD 6,250 (Global-User License)
USD 6,250 (Global-User License)
Global Gasket & Seal Materials Market Research Report—Forecast till 2025
Market Overview
Global Gasket & Seal Materials Market is anticipated to register a CAGR of 5.40% to surpass USD 37,863.5 Million by the end of 2025. Seals are commonly used to avoid leakages between two moving parts like pumps, engine parts, and shafts. The gaskets are often cut into a particular size to fit the component they are to be fitted to however the seals are generally round and flat. Metals, industrial-grade rubber, or a combination of both are some commonly used materials in seals gaskets manufacturing. These are generally equipped with excellent anti-chemical characteristics, anti-compressibility properties, high/low temperature and weather resistance, and superior resistance to heat, water, and abrasion.
The Global Gasket & Seal Materials Market growth is attributed to the high demand for seals & gaskets in the oil and gas industry as they ensure safe and reliable operations. These seals and gaskets are also applicable in the drilling tools and bits, blow-out preventers, drilling mud systems, casing and pipe connections, compressors and pumps, and control valves. Furthermore, the increasing use of seals and gaskets in the automotive and aerospace industries is another major factor propelling the surge of the global market.
Market Segmentation
Global Gasket & Seal Materials Market has been segregated based on Materials, End-Use Industry, and Region.
In terms of materials segment, the global market is divided into rubber, fiber, metal, cork, PTFE, and others. The rubber segment was holding the largest market in 2018 with a value of USD 9,004.8. The market growth is fuelled by the rubber properties such as resistance, oil & chemical resistance, adhesion, electrical properties, weather resistance, water resistance, abrasion resistance, tear resistance, resilience, and elongation.
Based on the end-use segment, the market has been classified into automotive, oil and gas, food and beverage, electrical and electronics, chemicals, aerospace and defense, and others. The automotive segment accounted for 32% of the market share in 2018 and is expected to command the dominance with a healthy CAGR of 6.36%.
Regional Analysis
Geographically the Global Gasket & Seal Materials Market has been segregated across five main regions, namely Asia-Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.
The global gasket and seal materials market in Asia-Pacific is expected to dominate the market owing to the largest market contribution of over 40% in 2018. The market was valued at around USD 10,985.90 million in 2018. The regional market growth is driven by rapid industrialization and growing economic conditions in growth-centric countries such as India, South Korea, and Malaysia. Furthermore, the implementation of the ‘Make in India’ initiative with a target of Net Zero Imports by 2020 is evaluated to create lucrative opportunities in the manufacturing sector.
Major Players
The major market players operating in the Global Gasket & Seal Market include Trelleborg Group (Sweden), Freudenberg Sealing Technologies (Germany), Parker Hannifin Corporation (US), ERIKS NV (The Netherlands), ElringKlinger Kunststofftechnik GmbH (Germany), Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics (France), BRUSS Sealing Systems GmbH (Germany), Dimer Group (Czech Republic), John Crane (US), and Klinger Holding (Austria).
COVID 19 Impacts
We are continuously tracking the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on various industries and verticals within all domains. Our research reports include the same and help you understand the drop and rise, owing to the impact of COVID-19 on the industries. Also, we help you to identify the gap between the demand and supply of your interested market. Moreover, the report helps you with the analysis, amended government regulations, and many other useful insights.
Market Overview
Global Gasket & Seal Materials Market is anticipated to register a CAGR of 5.40% to surpass USD 37,863.5 Million by the end of 2025. Seals are commonly used to avoid leakages between two moving parts like pumps, engine parts, and shafts. The gaskets are often cut into a particular size to fit the component they are to be fitted to however the seals are generally round and flat. Metals, industrial-grade rubber, or a combination of both are some commonly used materials in seals gaskets manufacturing. These are generally equipped with excellent anti-chemical characteristics, anti-compressibility properties, high/low temperature and weather resistance, and superior resistance to heat, water, and abrasion.
The Global Gasket & Seal Materials Market growth is attributed to the high demand for seals & gaskets in the oil and gas industry as they ensure safe and reliable operations. These seals and gaskets are also applicable in the drilling tools and bits, blow-out preventers, drilling mud systems, casing and pipe connections, compressors and pumps, and control valves. Furthermore, the increasing use of seals and gaskets in the automotive and aerospace industries is another major factor propelling the surge of the global market.
Market Segmentation
Global Gasket & Seal Materials Market has been segregated based on Materials, End-Use Industry, and Region.
In terms of materials segment, the global market is divided into rubber, fiber, metal, cork, PTFE, and others. The rubber segment was holding the largest market in 2018 with a value of USD 9,004.8. The market growth is fuelled by the rubber properties such as resistance, oil & chemical resistance, adhesion, electrical properties, weather resistance, water resistance, abrasion resistance, tear resistance, resilience, and elongation.
Based on the end-use segment, the market has been classified into automotive, oil and gas, food and beverage, electrical and electronics, chemicals, aerospace and defense, and others. The automotive segment accounted for 32% of the market share in 2018 and is expected to command the dominance with a healthy CAGR of 6.36%.
Regional Analysis
Geographically the Global Gasket & Seal Materials Market has been segregated across five main regions, namely Asia-Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.
The global gasket and seal materials market in Asia-Pacific is expected to dominate the market owing to the largest market contribution of over 40% in 2018. The market was valued at around USD 10,985.90 million in 2018. The regional market growth is driven by rapid industrialization and growing economic conditions in growth-centric countries such as India, South Korea, and Malaysia. Furthermore, the implementation of the ‘Make in India’ initiative with a target of Net Zero Imports by 2020 is evaluated to create lucrative opportunities in the manufacturing sector.
Major Players
The major market players operating in the Global Gasket & Seal Market include Trelleborg Group (Sweden), Freudenberg Sealing Technologies (Germany), Parker Hannifin Corporation (US), ERIKS NV (The Netherlands), ElringKlinger Kunststofftechnik GmbH (Germany), Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics (France), BRUSS Sealing Systems GmbH (Germany), Dimer Group (Czech Republic), John Crane (US), and Klinger Holding (Austria).
COVID 19 Impacts
We are continuously tracking the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on various industries and verticals within all domains. Our research reports include the same and help you understand the drop and rise, owing to the impact of COVID-19 on the industries. Also, we help you to identify the gap between the demand and supply of your interested market. Moreover, the report helps you with the analysis, amended government regulations, and many other useful insights.
TABLE OF CONTENT
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 MARKET ATTRACTIVENESS ANALYSIS 20
1.1.1 GLOBAL GASKET & SEAL MATERIALS MARKET, BY MATERIAL 21
1.1.2 GLOBAL GASKET & SEAL MATERIALS MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY 22
1.1.3 GLOBAL GASKET & SEAL MATERIALS MARKET, BY REGION 23
2 MARKET INTRODUCTION
2.1 DEFINITION 24
2.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 24
2.3 MARKET STRUCTURE 25
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH PROCESS 26
3.2 PRIMARY RESEARCH 27
3.3 SECONDARY RESEARCH 28
3.4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 28
3.5 TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 29
3.6 FORECAST MODEL 30
3.7 LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS 31
4 MARKET DYNAMICS
4.1 INTRODUCTION 32
4.2 DRIVERS 33
4.2.1 HIGH DEMAND FOR HIGH-PRESSURE SEALS IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY 33
4.2.2 INCREASING APPLICATION IN THE AUTOMOTIVE AND AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES 35
4.3 RESTRAINTS 37
4.3.1 VOLATILE RAW MATERIAL PRICES 37
4.3.2 STRINGENT REGULATIONS AND ADVERSE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH RUBBER PROCESSING 38
4.4 OPPORTUNITY 39
4.4.1 GROWING POPULARITY OF THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE SEALS IN THE POWER GENERATION INDUSTRY 39
4.5 CHALLENGE 40
4.5.1 GROWING ADOPTION OF SEAL-LESS PUMPS IN MAJOR END-USE INDUSTRIES 40
5 MARKET FACTOR ANALYSIS
5.1 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 41
5.1.1 RAW MATERIALS SUPPLIERS 42
5.1.1.1 RUBBER 42
5.1.1.2 FIBER 42
5.1.1.3 METAL 42
5.1.1.4 PTFE 42
5.1.1.5 CORK 43
5.1.2 MANUFACTURERS 43
5.1.3 DISTRIBUTION & SALES CHANNEL 43
5.1.4 END-USE INDUSTRIES 43
5.2 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 44
5.2.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 44
5.2.2 RIVALRY 45
5.2.3 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 45
5.2.4 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 45
5.2.5 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 45
5.3 PRICING ANALYSIS 45
6 GLOBAL GASKET & SEAL MATERIALS MARKET, BY MATERIAL
6.1 INTRODUCTION 46
6.2 RUBBER 48
6.3 PTFE 50
6.4 FIBER 51
6.5 METAL 52
6.6 CORK 53
6.7 OTHERS 54
7 GLOBAL GASKET & SEAL MATERIALS MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY
7.1 INTRODUCTION 55
7.2 AUTOMOTIVE 57
7.3 OIL & GAS 58
7.4 AEROSPACE AND DEFENSE 59
7.5 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS 60
7.6 CHEMICALS 61
7.7 FOOD AND BEVERAGE 62
7.8 OTHERS 63
8 GLOBAL GASKET & SEAL MATERIALS MARKET, BY REGION
8.1 INTRODUCTION 64
8.2 NORTH AMERICA 69
8.2.1 THE US 73
8.2.2 CANADA 76
8.3 EUROPE 79
8.3.1 GERMANY 83
8.3.2 RUSSIA 86
8.3.3 UK 89
8.3.4 ITALY 92
8.3.5 FRANCE 95
8.3.6 NETHERLANDS 98
8.3.7 SPAIN 101
8.3.8 POLAND 104
8.3.9 BELGIUM 107
8.3.10 REST OF EUROPE 110
8.4 ASIA-PACIFIC 114
8.4.1 CHINA 118
8.4.2 JAPAN 121
8.4.3 INDIA 124
8.4.4 SOUTH KOREA 127
8.4.5 AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND 130
8.4.6 THAILAND 133
8.4.7 INDONESIA 136
8.4.8 MALAYSIA 139
8.4.9 REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC 142
8.5 LATIN AMERICA 146
8.5.1 MEXICO 150
8.5.2 BRAZIL 153
8.5.3 ARGENTINA 156
8.5.4 REST OF LATIN AMERICA 159
8.6 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 163
8.6.1 SAUDI ARABIA 167
8.6.2 UAE 170
8.6.3 TURKEY 173
8.6.4 SOUTH AFRICA 176
8.6.5 ISRAEL 179
8.6.6 REST OF MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA 182
9 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
9.1 INTRODUCTION 186
9.2 KEY DEVELOPMENTS & GROWTH STRATEGIES 186
9.2.1 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 186
9.3 GLOBAL MARKET STRATEGY ANALYSIS 187
9.4 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING 189
10 COMPANY PROFILES
10.1 TRELLEBORG GROUP 190
10.1.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 190
10.1.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 191
10.1.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 192
10.1.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 192
10.1.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 193
10.1.6 KEY STRATEGIES 193
10.2 FREUDENBERG SEALING TECHNOLOGIES 194
10.2.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 194
10.2.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 194
10.2.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 194
10.2.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 194
10.2.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 195
10.2.6 KEY STRATEGIES 195
10.3 PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION 196
10.3.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 196
10.3.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 197
10.3.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 198
10.3.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 198
10.3.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 199
10.3.6 KEY STRATEGIES 199
10.4 ERIKS NV 200
10.4.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 200
10.4.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 200
10.4.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 200
10.4.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 200
10.4.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 201
10.4.6 KEY STRATEGIES 201
10.5 ELRINGKLINGER KUNSTSTOFFTECHNIK GMBH 202
10.5.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 202
10.5.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 202
10.5.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 203
10.5.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 203
10.5.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 203
10.5.6 KEY STRATEGIES 203
10.6 SAINT-GOBAIN PERFORMANCE PLASTICS 204
10.6.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 204
10.6.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 204
10.6.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 205
10.6.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 205
10.6.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 206
10.6.6 KEY STRATEGIES 206
10.7 BRUSS SEALING SYSTEMS GMBH 207
10.7.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 207
10.7.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 207
10.7.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 207
10.7.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 207
10.7.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 208
10.7.6 KEY STRATEGIES 208
10.8 DIMER GROUP 209
10.8.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 209
10.8.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 209
10.8.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 209
10.8.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 209
10.8.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 210
10.8.6 KEY STRATEGIES 210
10.9 JOHN CRANE 211
10.9.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 211
10.9.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 211
10.9.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 212
10.9.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 212
10.9.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 213
10.9.6 KEY STRATEGIES 213
10.10 KLINGER HOLDING 214
10.10.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 214
10.10.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 214
10.10.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 215
10.10.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 215
10.10.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 216
10.10.6 KEY STRATEGIES 216
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 MARKET ATTRACTIVENESS ANALYSIS 20
1.1.1 GLOBAL GASKET & SEAL MATERIALS MARKET, BY MATERIAL 21
1.1.2 GLOBAL GASKET & SEAL MATERIALS MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY 22
1.1.3 GLOBAL GASKET & SEAL MATERIALS MARKET, BY REGION 23
2 MARKET INTRODUCTION
2.1 DEFINITION 24
2.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 24
2.3 MARKET STRUCTURE 25
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH PROCESS 26
3.2 PRIMARY RESEARCH 27
3.3 SECONDARY RESEARCH 28
3.4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 28
3.5 TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 29
3.6 FORECAST MODEL 30
3.7 LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS 31
4 MARKET DYNAMICS
4.1 INTRODUCTION 32
4.2 DRIVERS 33
4.2.1 HIGH DEMAND FOR HIGH-PRESSURE SEALS IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY 33
4.2.2 INCREASING APPLICATION IN THE AUTOMOTIVE AND AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES 35
4.3 RESTRAINTS 37
4.3.1 VOLATILE RAW MATERIAL PRICES 37
4.3.2 STRINGENT REGULATIONS AND ADVERSE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH RUBBER PROCESSING 38
4.4 OPPORTUNITY 39
4.4.1 GROWING POPULARITY OF THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE SEALS IN THE POWER GENERATION INDUSTRY 39
4.5 CHALLENGE 40
4.5.1 GROWING ADOPTION OF SEAL-LESS PUMPS IN MAJOR END-USE INDUSTRIES 40
5 MARKET FACTOR ANALYSIS
5.1 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 41
5.1.1 RAW MATERIALS SUPPLIERS 42
5.1.1.1 RUBBER 42
5.1.1.2 FIBER 42
5.1.1.3 METAL 42
5.1.1.4 PTFE 42
5.1.1.5 CORK 43
5.1.2 MANUFACTURERS 43
5.1.3 DISTRIBUTION & SALES CHANNEL 43
5.1.4 END-USE INDUSTRIES 43
5.2 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 44
5.2.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 44
5.2.2 RIVALRY 45
5.2.3 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 45
5.2.4 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 45
5.2.5 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 45
5.3 PRICING ANALYSIS 45
6 GLOBAL GASKET & SEAL MATERIALS MARKET, BY MATERIAL
6.1 INTRODUCTION 46
6.2 RUBBER 48
6.3 PTFE 50
6.4 FIBER 51
6.5 METAL 52
6.6 CORK 53
6.7 OTHERS 54
7 GLOBAL GASKET & SEAL MATERIALS MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY
7.1 INTRODUCTION 55
7.2 AUTOMOTIVE 57
7.3 OIL & GAS 58
7.4 AEROSPACE AND DEFENSE 59
7.5 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS 60
7.6 CHEMICALS 61
7.7 FOOD AND BEVERAGE 62
7.8 OTHERS 63
8 GLOBAL GASKET & SEAL MATERIALS MARKET, BY REGION
8.1 INTRODUCTION 64
8.2 NORTH AMERICA 69
8.2.1 THE US 73
8.2.2 CANADA 76
8.3 EUROPE 79
8.3.1 GERMANY 83
8.3.2 RUSSIA 86
8.3.3 UK 89
8.3.4 ITALY 92
8.3.5 FRANCE 95
8.3.6 NETHERLANDS 98
8.3.7 SPAIN 101
8.3.8 POLAND 104
8.3.9 BELGIUM 107
8.3.10 REST OF EUROPE 110
8.4 ASIA-PACIFIC 114
8.4.1 CHINA 118
8.4.2 JAPAN 121
8.4.3 INDIA 124
8.4.4 SOUTH KOREA 127
8.4.5 AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND 130
8.4.6 THAILAND 133
8.4.7 INDONESIA 136
8.4.8 MALAYSIA 139
8.4.9 REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC 142
8.5 LATIN AMERICA 146
8.5.1 MEXICO 150
8.5.2 BRAZIL 153
8.5.3 ARGENTINA 156
8.5.4 REST OF LATIN AMERICA 159
8.6 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 163
8.6.1 SAUDI ARABIA 167
8.6.2 UAE 170
8.6.3 TURKEY 173
8.6.4 SOUTH AFRICA 176
8.6.5 ISRAEL 179
8.6.6 REST OF MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA 182
9 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
9.1 INTRODUCTION 186
9.2 KEY DEVELOPMENTS & GROWTH STRATEGIES 186
9.2.1 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 186
9.3 GLOBAL MARKET STRATEGY ANALYSIS 187
9.4 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING 189
10 COMPANY PROFILES
10.1 TRELLEBORG GROUP 190
10.1.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 190
10.1.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 191
10.1.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 192
10.1.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 192
10.1.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 193
10.1.6 KEY STRATEGIES 193
10.2 FREUDENBERG SEALING TECHNOLOGIES 194
10.2.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 194
10.2.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 194
10.2.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 194
10.2.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 194
10.2.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 195
10.2.6 KEY STRATEGIES 195
10.3 PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION 196
10.3.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 196
10.3.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 197
10.3.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 198
10.3.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 198
10.3.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 199
10.3.6 KEY STRATEGIES 199
10.4 ERIKS NV 200
10.4.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 200
10.4.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 200
10.4.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 200
10.4.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 200
10.4.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 201
10.4.6 KEY STRATEGIES 201
10.5 ELRINGKLINGER KUNSTSTOFFTECHNIK GMBH 202
10.5.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 202
10.5.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 202
10.5.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 203
10.5.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 203
10.5.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 203
10.5.6 KEY STRATEGIES 203
10.6 SAINT-GOBAIN PERFORMANCE PLASTICS 204
10.6.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 204
10.6.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 204
10.6.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 205
10.6.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 205
10.6.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 206
10.6.6 KEY STRATEGIES 206
10.7 BRUSS SEALING SYSTEMS GMBH 207
10.7.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 207
10.7.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 207
10.7.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 207
10.7.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 207
10.7.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 208
10.7.6 KEY STRATEGIES 208
10.8 DIMER GROUP 209
10.8.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 209
10.8.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 209
10.8.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 209
10.8.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 209
10.8.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 210
10.8.6 KEY STRATEGIES 210
10.9 JOHN CRANE 211
10.9.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 211
10.9.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 211
10.9.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 212
10.9.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 212
10.9.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 213
10.9.6 KEY STRATEGIES 213
10.10 KLINGER HOLDING 214
10.10.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 214
10.10.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 214
10.10.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 215
10.10.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 215
10.10.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 216
10.10.6 KEY STRATEGIES 216
