A LINE in the sand: How KakaoTalk and other messaging apps are destroying revenue

Mobile messaging apps such as LINE and KakaoTalk have disrupted the operator messaging market, destroying billions in consumer spend. These apps are reflective of the nature of the app ecosystem – upending existing business models – and replacing the lost revenue with only a fraction of pre-existing revenue – while trying to drive revenue from other means. This report looks at the evolution of over the top messaging apps and what their success means for other revenue streams.